A scripting language, script language or extension language is a programming language that allows control of one or more software applications.

"Scripts" are distinct from the core code of the application, which is usually written in a different language, and are often created or at least modified by the end-user. Scripts are often interpreted from source code or bytecode, wheras the applications they control are traditionally compiled to native machine code. Scripting languages are nearly always embedded in the applications they control.

A routine is a portion of code within a larger program, which performs a specific task and is relatively independent of the remaining code.

A rootkit is a software system that consists of a program or combination of several programs designed to hide or obscure the fact that a system has been compromised.

Remote administration refers to any method of controlling a computer from a remote location.

Software that allows remote administration is becoming increasingly common and is often used when it is difficult or impractical to be physically near a system in order to use it, or in order to access web material that is not available in one's location.

Public-key cryptography is a cryptographic approach, employed by many cryptographic algorithms and cryptosystems, whose distinguishing characteristic is the use of asymmetric key algorithms instead of or in addition to symmetric key algorithms.

A protocol is a set of rules which is used by computers to communicate with each other across a network. A protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection, communication, and data transfer between computing endpoints.

A polymorphic code is code that uses a polymorphic engine to mutate while keeping the original algorithm intact. This technique is sometimes used by computer viruses, shellcodes and computer worms to hide their presence.

A phishing is the criminally fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.

Pharming (pronounced farming) is a hacker's attack aiming to redirect a website's traffic to another, bogus website.

A patch is a small piece of software designed to fix problems with or update a computer program or its supporting data.